add initial c, cpp files

cpp/exercism/01-basics/02-lasagna.cpp

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+/*
+Instructions
+
+Lucian's girlfriend is on her way home and he hasn't cooked their anniversary dinner!
+
+In this exercise, you're going to write some code to help Lucian
+cook an exquisite lasagna from his favorite cookbook.
+
+You have four tasks, all related to the time spent cooking the lasagna.
+
+    1. Define the expected oven time in minutes
+
+    Define the ovenTime() function that does not take any arguments
+    and returns how many minutes the lasagna should be in the oven.
+    According to the cookbook, the expected oven time is 40 minutes:
+
+    ovenTime();
+    // => 40
+
+    2. Calculate the remaining oven time in minutes
+
+    Define the remainingOvenTime(int actualMinutesInOven) function that takes
+    the actual minutes the lasagna has been in the oven as an argument and
+    returns how many minutes the lasagna still has to remain in the oven,
+    based on the expected oven time in minutes from the previous task.
+
+    remainingOvenTime(30);
+    // => 10
+
+    3. Calculate the preparation time in minutes
+
+    Define the preparationTime(int numberOfLayers) function that takes the number
+    of layers you added to the lasagna as an argument and returns how many minutes
+    you spent preparing the lasagna, assuming each layer takes you 2 minutes to prepare.
+
+    preparationTime(2);
+    // => 4
+
+    4. Calculate the elapsed time in minutes
+
+    Define the elapsedTime(int numberOfLayers, int actualMinutesInOven) function
+    that takes two arguments:
+    - first argument is number of layers you added to the lasagna
+    - second argument is number of minutes the lasagna has been in the oven
+    The function should return how many minutes you've worked on cooking the lasagna,
+    which is the sum of the preparation time in minutes,
+    and the time in minutes the lasagna has spent in the oven at the moment.
+
+    elapsedTime(3, 20);
+    // => 26
+*/
+
+// ovenTime returns the amount in minutes that the lasagna should stay in the
+// oven.
+int ovenTime() {
+    return 40;
+}
+
+/* remainingOvenTime returns the remaining
+   minutes based on the actual minutes already in the oven.
+*/
+int remainingOvenTime(int actualMinutesInOven) {
+    return ovenTime() - actualMinutesInOven;
+}
+
+/* preparationTime returns an estimate of the preparation time based on the
+   number of layers and the necessary time per layer.
+*/
+int preparationTime(int numberOfLayers) {
+    return 2 * numberOfLayers;
+}
+
+// elapsedTime calculates the total time spent to create and bake the lasagna so
+// far.
+int elapsedTime(int numberOfLayers, int actualMinutesInOven) {
+    return preparationTime(numberOfLayers) + actualMinutesInOven;
+}